MODE OF IRRIGATION IN INDIA WITH THEIR ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES | ALL IN ONE PLACE

 MODE OF IRRIGATION IN INDIA WITH THEIR ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES | ALL IN ONE PLACE

IRRIGATION: Irrigation is most important part of agriculture in India about 90 % of the irrigation in India is done by water collected from rain. Irrigation helps to increase the food production and it modify the quality of the soil. There are also disadvantage of irrigation that it causes water logging and it also increase the salinity or alkalinity of the soil which reduced the quality of the soil. In India there are three mode of irrigation which are well irrigation , tube-well irrigation and canal irrigation. Today in this Blog I Harsh Gupta is going to write all the things which are related to mode of irrigation in India along with their advantages and disadvantages

First of all we are going to write about well irrigation in India

1. WELL IRRIGATION: It is the simplest and the cheapest mode of irrigation in India. In well irrigation method wells are dug to reach the underground water table and water is therefore lifted in two ways which are as follows: 

      i. Persian wheel : Persian wheel is basically a wheel which is attached with several buckets in which water are collected from wells. Once the all buckets are filled with water it is pulled with the help of ropes . This is very old traditional method for collecting water . Now a days this method is not used. One can find Persian wheel in the rural Indian areas . In the adjoining picture you can find:

   

       ii. Electric Pump : In this method electric pumps are installed in several areas. In this method electricity is the main source . Here electric energy is converted to mechanical energy to provide required pressure to pull out the water . This is new modern technique used in well irrigation . The downward picture describe Electric pump

Areas where well irrigation method is used:

Well irrigation is mostly used in Punjab , Haryana , Rajasthan , Uttar Pradesh , West Bengal , Maharastra , etc 

2.Tube well irrigation: Tube well method is basically modern version of well irrigation method . Tube well is a deep bore dug into the ground with drilling equipments for drawing out ground water. In this method under ground water is used for irrigation.

Types of tube well: Tube well irrigation of two types :

             i. Shallow Tube Well: A Tube well is considered to be shallow if its depth is less than 50 feet . It is used by hand pumps . In shallow tube well to pull out water man power is required instead of electricity. Basically hand pumps are installed in places by government to pull out water from shallow tube wells.

            ii.Deep Tube Well: A tube well is considered to be deep if its depth is more than 50 feet. It is used by electric pump . In deep tube well to pull out water no man power is required electricity is used because the depth of deep tube well is very deep and is difficult to pull water by man power.

Areas where Tube Well irrigation method is used:

Tube Wells are proved to be very useful in the alluvial plains of North India mainly in Haryana , Punjab , and Bihar , Uttar Pradesh has the highest number of tube wells in India.

Amount of land irrigated by Tube Well In India:

About 23% of irrigated land in India is served by Tube Well . There are around 31000 Tube Wells which irrigate about 60 hectores of buds 

ADVANTAGES OF WELL AND TUBE WELL IRRIGATION IN INDIA:

1. Wells and tube wells can be constructed at less cost. So poor farmers who does not have enough money can afford it very easily.

2. From wells and tube wells water can be drawn out as per requirement.

3. Wells and tube wells can also be constructed very near to the field. So transportation cost can be saved.

4. The water drawn out underground is rich in minerals , which make it very useful to make the soil fertile.

DISADVANTAGE OF WELL AND TUBE WELL IRRIGATION IN INDIA: 

1. This kind of irrigation is usually constructed individually, and not in group.

2. This can irrigate only a small area.

3. Some wells and tube well may dry up due to use for many years.

4. Dependent of level of level of water in the underground reservoir.

5. Arsenic contamination may result due to over use of water.

LAST METHOD OF IRRIGATION IN INDIA

3. Canal irrigation: The method of irrigation by digging canals from rivers towards the agricultural field through soft slity soil is known as canal irrigation . Canal irrigation is popular in the plains where slope is moderate. 

Types of Canals: Canal is of two types :

              i. Indunation canal: Indunation canals are non perennial in nature. Indunation canal get their supply of water only when the river rises above certain level during rainy season. Hence it cannot be used through out the year .

            ii. Perennial canal: Perennial canals get their supply of water through out the year the year because it draws their water from perennial rivers or artificial lakes or barrages which are built across the river.

EXAMPLE: Upper and lower Ganga canal, Agra canal in Uttar Pradesh, Yamuna canal in Punjab , Mettur canal in Tamil Nadu , Medinipur canal and Eden canal of West Bengal.

Areas where Canal irrigation is used:

In Canal irrigation Uttar Pradesh leads being followed by Punjab , Haryana , deltaic region of Ganga , Yamuna , Krishna , Kaveri , and costal region of Kerela.

Amount of land irrigated by Canal irrigation in India:

Canal irrigation widely irrigates the agricultural field of India. About 38 % of total agricultural field is irrigated by canals

ADVANTAGES OF CANAL IRRIGATION IN INDIA:

1. River alluvium is carried by the canal to the field and increases fertility of the farm land.

2. Extensive areas can be irrigated using canal irrigation method.

3. Using perennial canal fields can be irrigated through out the year.

DISADVANTAGE OF CANAL IRRIGATION IN INDIA:

1. Canal can also caused flood during heavy rainfall.

2. Due to evaporation there is loss of water in canal irrigation method.

3. Digging canals near field can destroy this fertile land and can make them unsuitable for cultivation 

Hope you have find your all doubts regarding India’s irrigation system.

If you want to know more about India’s irrigation system comment me down 

THANKS FOR READING 

THANKING YOU 

HARSH GUPTA